西安大型唐墓出土罕见鎏金铜器:走龙、铜龟、摩羯鱼,种类堪比动物园
西安大型唐墓出土罕见鎏金铜器:走龙、铜龟、摩羯鱼,种类堪比动物园
  • 2026-04-25 19:54:17
    来源:公道合理网

    西安大型唐墓出土罕见鎏金铜器:走龙、铜龟、摩羯鱼,种类堪比动物园

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    \u003cdiv class=\"rich_media_content\"\u003e\u003c!--NO_AD_ERROR_2--\u003e\u003cp\u003e近日,陕西省考古研究院正式公布了唐\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_BEGIN_0--\u003e范阳节度副使\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_END_0--\u003e康令恽墓的最新考古研究成果。考古人员在清理棺床下方的腰坑时发现了一套罕见的遗物组合,走龙、铜龟、\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_BEGIN_1--\u003e摩羯鱼\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_END_1--\u003e……种类堪比动物园。\u003c!--NO_AD_0--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_0--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_0--\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c!--IMG_0--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #999; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0 0 4px; min-height: 24px\"\u003e唐康令恽墓出土的鎏金铜器组合。图片来自陕西省考古研究院\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e陕西省考古研究院工作人员告诉上游新闻(报料邮箱:cnshangyou@163.com)记者,根据康令恽墓志记载,其曾担任范阳节度副使,与安禄山同为张守珪部下。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e康氏出身于鄯州西平(今青海西宁)的\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_BEGIN_2--\u003e粟特聚落\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_END_2--\u003e,家族世代参与唐朝对吐蕃战事。墓志载其随张守珪调往幽州后病卒于幕府,天宝四年(745年)迁葬长安灞原,与墓葬发现地点吻合。该墓设5天井、6壁龛,规制严格对应其正三品职官与正二品勋官身份。\u003c!--NO_AD_1--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_1--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_1--\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e这座大型唐墓位于陕西西安东郊,1998年发掘。考古人员在清理棺床下方的腰坑时发现了一套罕见的遗物组合,该组合放置于铜盆之中,其中包含5条鎏金铜走龙、4只鎏金铜龟、2条鎏金铜摩羯鱼及16枚\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_BEGIN_3--\u003e开元通宝\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_END_3--\u003e。另外,墓室角落还出土了2件铁牛。\u003c!--NO_AD_2--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_2--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_2--\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5条鎏金铜走龙均长约9厘米、高约5厘米,嘴巴大张、舌体前伸,周身鳞片纹路清晰可辨,看上去又凶又有灵气。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c!--IMG_1--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #999; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0 0 4px; min-height: 24px\"\u003e5条鎏金铜走龙。图片来自陕西省考古研究院\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e陕西省考古研究院考古博物馆办公室主任刘思哲介绍称,唐代道教盛行“投龙”仪式,皇家常将金龙玉简投入名山大川,以此向神仙传递祈愿,墓中的鎏金铜走龙推测是希望百年之后能借龙力飞升。\u003c!--NO_AD_3--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_3--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_3--\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4只鎏金铜龟则个个昂首前爬,背壳上錾刻回字纹与介字纹。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e刘思哲解释,古人认为龟寿千年,其“龟息”之法更是传说中的长生之道。墓中放置铜龟,既寄托了对死后长寿的期盼,也因唐代五品以上官员佩“龟袋”的习俗,彰显了墓主人的身份地位。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2条鎏金铜摩羯鱼最具特色,带有鲜明的印度——中亚艺术风格。其造型为龙头鱼身,本是印度水神的坐骑,随着佛教传入中国后,逐渐演变为“鱼化龙”的吉祥形象,成为中外文化交流的直接实物见证。\u003c!--NO_AD_4--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_4--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_4--\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c!--IMG_2--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #999; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0 0 4px; min-height: 24px\"\u003e2条鎏金铜摩羯鱼最具特色。图片来自陕西省考古研究院\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e对于铜盆内摆放的16枚开元通宝与墓室角落的2件铁牛,刘思哲认为,这承载着唐代的风水观念。古人认为地下深处有土龙、水龙作祟,放置铁牛可起到镇墓作用,守护墓中安宁。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e融合道教投龙、佛教摩羯与风水镇墓于一体的特殊葬仪在国内唐代墓葬考古中还是首次确认,这为研究盛唐时期的丧葬观念、信仰文化以及中外文化交流,提供了前所未有的实物范本。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e​​​上游新闻记者 贾晨\u003c/p\u003e\u003cstyle\u003e.rich_media_content{--news-tabel-th-night-color: #444444;--news-font-day-color: #333;--news-font-night-color: #d9d9d9;--news-bottom-distance: 22px}.rich_media_content p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);word-wrap:break-word}.rich_media_content .qn-editor-copy p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:unset;word-wrap:unset}.rich_media_content{color:var(--news-font-day-color);font-size:18px}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);word-wrap:break-word}body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content .qn-editor-copy p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]):not(.qn-editor-copy){letter-spacing:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:unset;word-wrap:unset}body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content{color:var(--news-font-night-color)}}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);word-wrap:break-word}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content .qn-editor-copy p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:unset;word-wrap:unset}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content{color:var(--news-font-night-color)}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content{font-size:18px}.rich_media_content p[data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]{margin-bottom:11px}.rich_media_content\u003ediv:not(.qnt-video),.rich_media_content\u003esection{margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance)}.rich_media_content hr{margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance)}.rich_media_content .link_list{margin:0;margin-top:20px;min-height:0!important}.rich_media_content blockquote{background:#f9f9f9;border-left:6px solid #ccc;margin:1.5em 10px;padding:.5em 10px}.rich_media_content blockquote p{margin-bottom:0!important}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content blockquote{background:#323232}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content blockquote{background:#323232}}.rich_media_content ol[data-ex-list]{--ol-start: 1;--ol-list-style-type: decimal;list-style-type:none;counter-reset:olCounter calc(var(--ol-start,1) - 1);position:relative}.rich_media_content ol[data-ex-list]\u003eli\u003e:first-child::before{content:counter(olCounter,var(--ol-list-style-type)) '. 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